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| Registros recuperados: 333 | |
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| Blythe, Jessica L.; University of Victoria; jessica.blythe@jcu.edu.au; Murray, Grant; Vancouver Island University; grant.murray@viu.ca; Flaherty, Mark; University of Victoria; flaherty@office.geog.uvic.ca. |
| Change is a defining characteristic of coastal social-ecological systems, yet the magnitude and speed of contemporary change is challenging the adaptive capacity of even the most robust coastal communities. In the context of multiple drivers of change, it has become increasingly important to identify how threatened communities adapt to livelihood stressors. We investigate how adaptation is negotiated in two coastal fishing communities by documenting livelihood stressors, household assets, adaptive strategies, and factors that facilitate or inhibit adaptation. Declining catch is the most common stressor being experienced in both communities, however, socioeconomic, e.g., disease or theft, and ecological, e.g., severe storms and drought, changes are also... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Africa; Diversification; Intensification; Livelihoods; Small-scale fisheries. |
| Ano: 2014 |
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| Lahsen, Myanna; Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais; myanna@sir.inpe.br; Swap, Robert; University of Virginia; swapper@virginia.edu; McNie, Elizabeth; Department of Political Science, Purdue University; emcnie@gmail.com; Ometto, Jean P. H. B.; Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais; jean.ometto@inpe.br; Schor, Tatiana; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; tschor@ufam.edu.br; Tiessen, Holm; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research; htiessen@dir.iai.int; Andelman, Sandy; Conservation International; sandelman@conservation.org; Annegarn, Harold; Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa; hannegarn@gmail.com. |
| We provide a synthesis of what regional scientific research networks in less developed regions of the world can do and why they might be relevant for societal decisions and practice. We do so through a focus on three regional science network initiatives that aim to enhance understanding of the multiscalar dynamics of global environmental change (GEC) regionally and globally, namely the Southern Africa Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000), the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA), and the Inter-American Institute for Global Change (IAI). With a view to aiding future efforts at regional research network formation, we assess whether and how these three networks enhanced regional science, and the extent to which they sought and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Africa; Capacity building; Global change; Latin America; Scientific research networks. |
| Ano: 2013 |
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| Romero, Claudia; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; romero@ufl.edu; Athayde, Simone; Tropical Conservation and Development Program and Amazon Conservation Leadership Initiative, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; simonea@ufl.edu; Collomb, Jean-Gael E.; Wildlife Conservation Network; jgcollomb@gmail.com; DiGiano, Maria; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; marimardig@mac.com; Schmink, Marianne; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; schmink@LATAM.UFL.EDU; Schramski, Sam; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; schramski@ufl.edu; Seales, Lisa; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; lisaseal@ufl.edu. |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Africa; Complex social-ecological systems; Conservation; Development; Knowledge networks; Local institutions; Economic incentives; Latin America. |
| Ano: 2012 |
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| Osbahr, Henny; University of Reading and Walker Institute for Climate System Research; h.osbahr@reading.ac.uk; Twyman, Chasca; University of Sheffield;; Adger, W. Neil; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia;; Thomas, David S. G.; University of Oxford;. |
| This paper examines the success of small-scale farming livelihoods in adapting to climate variability and change. We represent adaptation actions as choices within a response space that includes coping but also longer-term adaptation actions, and define success as those actions which promote system resilience, promote legitimate institutional change, and hence generate and sustain collective action. We explore data on social responses from four regions across South Africa and Mozambique facing a variety of climate risks. The analysis suggests that some collective adaptation actions enhance livelihood resilience to climate change and variability but others have negative spillover effects to other scales. Any assessment of successful adaptation is, however,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Africa; Climate change; Livelihoods; Resilience. |
| Ano: 2010 |
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| Baird, Timothy D.; Virginia Tech; tbaird@vt.edu. |
| Decades of research on the social dynamics of biodiversity conservation has shown that parks and protected areas have added hardship to rural communities throughout much of the developing world. Nonetheless, some recent studies have found evidence of poverty alleviation near protected areas. To build on these conflicting accounts, I use a comparative, mixed-methods design to examine opportunistic, unplanned, i.e., unscripted, development in indigenous communities near Tarangire National Park (TNP) in northern Tanzania. I ask the questions: (1) How is proximity to TNP related to community-level infrastructural development? (2) How has the process of development changed over time? and (3) How is proximity to TNP related to infrastructure-related social... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Africa; Conservation; Development; Education; Infrastructure; Tanzania. |
| Ano: 2014 |
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| Ingram, Daniel J.; School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex; D.Ingram@sussex.ac.uk; Coad, Lauren; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford; United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; lauren.coad@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Collen, Ben; Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, University College London; b.collen@ucl.ac.uk; Breuer, Thomas; Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society; tbreuer@wcs.org; Fa, John E.; Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University; Center for International Forestry Research; jfa949@gmail.com; Gill, David J. C.; Fauna & Flora International; david.gill@fauna-flora.org; Maisels, Fiona; Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society; African Forest Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling; fmaisels@wcs.org; Schleicher, Judith; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge; js525@cam.ac.uk; Stokes, Emma J.; Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society; estokes@wcs.org; Taylor, Gemma; Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, University College London; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London; gemma.taylor@ioz.ac.uk. |
| Unsustainable exploitation of wild animals is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity and to millions of people depending on wild meat for food and income. The international conservation and development community has committed to implementing plans for sustainable use of natural resources and has requested development of monitoring systems of bushmeat offtake and trade. Although offtake monitoring systems and indicators for marine species are more developed, information on harvesting terrestrial species is limited. Building on approaches developed to monitor exploitation of fisheries and population trends, we have proposed two novel indicators for harvested terrestrial species: the mean body mass indicator (MBMI) assessing whether hunters are relying... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Africa; Bushmeat; Exploitation; Harvest; Indicator. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Swallow, Brent M.; World Agroforestry Centre; B.Swallow@cgiar.org; Kallesoe, Mikkel F.; World Conservation Union; mfk@iucnsl.org; Iftikhar, Usman A.; World Conservation Union; usman.iftikhar@undp.org; van Noordwijk, Meine; World Agroforestry Centre; M.Vannoordwijk@cgiar.org; Bracer, Carina; Forest Trends; C.Bracer@climatefocus.com; Scherr, Sara J.; Ecoagriculture Partners; sscherr@ecoagriculture.org; Raju, K. V.; Institute for Social and Economic Change; kvraju@isec.ac.in; Duraiappah, Anantha Kumar; United Nations Environment Programme; Anantha.Duraiappah@unep.org; Ochieng, Benson O.; African Centre for Technology Studies; b.ochieg@ilegkenya.org; Mallee, Hein; International Development Research Centre; hmallee@idrc.org.sg; Rumley, Rachael; World Agroforestry Centre; r_rumley2@yahoo.com. |
| This is the first of a series of papers that review the state of knowledge and practice regarding compensation and rewards for environmental services in the developing world. The paper begins with an assessment of the historical development of compensation and reward mechanisms within a broader context of changing approaches to nature conservation and environmental policy. The assessment shows that greater interest in compensation and reward mechanisms has emerged within a policy context of changing approaches to nature conservation and flexible multi-stakeholder approaches to environmental management. In the developing world, an even greater variety of perspectives has emerged on the opportunities and threats for using compensation and rewards for... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Compensation; Ecosystems service; Latin America; Payment for environmental service; Rewards. |
| Ano: 2009 |
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| Carvalho,Mónica; Brito,Pedro; Lopes,Virgínia; Andrade,Lisa; Anjos,Mª João; Real,Francisco Corte; Gusmão,Leonor. |
| The present-day Brazilian population is a consequence of the admixture of various peoples of very different origins, namely, Amerindians, Europeans and Africans. The proportion of each genetic contribution is known to be very heterogeneous throughout the country. The aim of the present study was to compare the male lineages present in two distinct Brazilian populations, as well as to evaluate the African contribution to their male genetic substrate. Thus, two Brazilian population samples from Manaus (State of Amazon) and Ribeirão Preto (State of São Paulo) and three African samples from Guinea Bissau, Angola and Mozambique were typed for a set of nine Y chromosome specific STRs. The data were compared with those from African, Amerindian and European... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Chromosome Y; STRs; Lineages; Brazil; Africa. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572010000300004 |
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| Tiberi, C.; Gautier, S; Ebinger, C.; Roecker, S.; Plasman, M.; Albaric, J.; Deverchere, Jacques; Peyrat, S.; Perrot, Julie; Wambura, R. Ferdinand; Msabi, M.; Muzuka, A.; Mulibo, G.; Kianji, G.. |
| We present a joint analysis of newly acquired gravity and teleseismic data in the North Tanzanian Divergence, where the lithospheric break-up is at its earliest stage. The impact of a mantle upwelling in more mature branches of the East African Rift has been extensively studied at a lithospheric scale. However, few studies have been completed that relate the deep-seated mantle anomaly detected in broad regional seismic tomography with the surface deformation observed in the thick Archaean Pan-African suture zone located in North Tanzania. Our joint inversion closes the gap between local and regional geophysical studies, providing velocity and density structures from the surface down to ca. 250 km depth with new details. Our results support the idea of a... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Gravity anomalies and Earth structure; Africa; Joint inversion; Seismic tomography; Intra-plate processes. |
| Ano: 2019 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00637/74944/76038.pdf |
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| Govin, Aline; Varma, Vidya; Prange, Matthias. |
| This study documents the long-term evolution of western African precipitation during the Last Interglacial (LIG). We compare geochemical records obtained on nine sediment cores from the western African margin to a transient simulation (130–115 ka) performed with an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model and insolation as sole forcing. Good agreement between proxy records and model outputs indicates that long-term changes in western African precipitation largely responded to insolation variations during most of the LIG. After an early LIG dry phase (related to high-latitude iceberg melting or dating uncertainties), boreal summer insolation controlled the intensification of the North African monsoon between 127 and 122 ka, perhaps facilitating human... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Last Interglacial; Africa; Precipitation; Astronomical forcing; Marine sediment cores; Model simulations. |
| Ano: 2014 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00290/40164/38778.pdf |
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| Registros recuperados: 333 | |
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